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講師：Gwendal Feve氏
所属：CNRS - Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain
タイトル：Electron quantum optics in ballistic conductors
日時：2016年8月1日16:30-18:00
場所：理学研究科 H棟6階H601

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abstract:
Quantum effects have been studied on photon propagation in the context of quantum optics since the second half of the last century. In particular, using single photon emitters, fundamental tests of quantum mechanics were explored by manipulating single to few photons in Hanbury-Brown and Twiss and Hong Ou Mandel experiments.
In nanophysics, there is a growing interest to translate these concepts of quantum optics to electrons propagating in nanostructures. In particular, in ballistic quantum conductors, the propagation of electrons is not hindered by collisions and the phase of the wavefunction is preserved on a few microns which corresponds to the typical size of the conductor. One can then manipulate and study the coherence properties of electron beams in the electronic analog of quantum optics experiment. However, electron optics experiments differ strongly from their optical counterpart as electrons are interacting fermions.
After briefly reviewing the framework of electron quantum optics [1], I will illustrate it with experimental realizations in two-dimensional electron gases where the electronic propagation can be guided along one-dimensional channels by applying a strong magnetic field perpendicular to the sample. Using metallic gates as electronic beam-splitters, electronic interferometers can then be implemented. I will more specifically discuss the realization of the electronic analog of the Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer [2,3] (see Figure) where single electronic excitations emitted on demand collide on a beam-splitter. Two-particle interferences between two indistinguishable single electrons can then reveal the coherence properties of single electron states.

[1] E. Bocquillon et al., Annalen der Physik, 526, 1?30, (2014)
[2] E. Bocquillon et al., Science 339, 1054 (2013).
[3] V. Freulon et al., Nature Communications, 6 6854 (2015).

【本件問合せ先】
　理学研究科 物理学専攻 小林研介教授